latex常用符号

Author : zbzhen,        Modified : Tue Oct 31 19:14:45 2023

1. latex常用符号

1.1. 返回主页

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显示latex格式的公式需要加美元号$，例如$\beta$显示的结果为β\beta，如果单独一行的公式可用双美元符号，例如$$\underset{x}{\min\; }x^2=0$$会单独成行
min⁡  xx2=0\underset{x}{\min\;} x^2=0

WPS公式编辑器快捷键
下角标L_{L} Ctrl + L 上角标H^{H} Ctrl + H
上下角标JJ_{J}^{J} Ctrl + J 分数线FF\dfrac{F}{F} Ctrl + F
α,β\alpha,\beta希腊G Ctrl + G 根号R\sqrt{R} Ctrl + R
积分I Ctrl + I

Ctrl + 括号 可自动补全括号
Ctrl + Shift + 空格 可在公式中空格
Alt + S+M 调整样式为英文
Alt + I+Q 可以直接调出公式面板

记忆:

  • 下角标L_L 下楼XL
  • 上角标H^H 上海SH

1.2. 常用公式
x=−b∓b2−4ac2ax=\frac{-b\mp\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} x=\frac{-b\mp\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
x=−b±b2−4ac2ax=\dfrac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} x=\dfrac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
n!=1×2×3⋯×nn! = 1\times2\times3\cdots\times n n! = 1\times2\times3\cdots\times n
∮f(s)ds\oint f(s)\mathrm{d}s \oint f(s)\mathrm{d}r
∮f(s)ds\displaystyle\oint f(s)\mathrm{d}s \displaystyle\oint f(s)\mathrm{d}s
∫−1+∞f(x)dx\displaystyle\int_{-1}^{+\infty} f(x)\mathrm{d}x \displaystyle\int_{-1}^{+\infty} f(x)\mathrm{d}x
∬f(x)dx\displaystyle\iint f({\boldsymbol x})\mathrm{d}{\boldsymbol x} \displaystyle\iint f({\boldsymbol x})\mathrm{d}{\boldsymbol x}
∥∑i=1p+1∥\left\|\sum_{i=1}^{p+1} \right\| \left\|\sum_{i=1}^{p+1}\right\|
∥∑i=1p+1∥\left\|\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{p+1} \right\| \left\|\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{p+1} \right\|
∥∑i=1p+1∥\Big\Vert\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{p+1}\bigg\Vert \Big\Vert\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{p+1}\bigg\Vert
∇⋅∇u=Δu\nabla\cdot\nabla u = \Delta u \nabla\cdot\nabla u = \Delta u
(a+b+ca+b)\tbinom{a+b+c}{a+b} \tbinom{a+b+c}{a+b}
(a+b+ca+b)\dbinom{a+b+c}{a+b} \dbinom{a+b+c}{a+b}
[a+b+ca+b]{a+b+c\brack a+b} {a+b+c\brack a+b}
{a+b+ca+b}{a+b+c\brace a+b} {a+b+c\brace a+b}
(a+b+ca+b){a+b+c \choose a+b} {a+b+c \choose a+b}
(a+ba+b+c)\left(_{a+b}^{a+b+c}\right) \left(_{a+b}^{a+b+c}\right)
a+ba+b+c{a+b \atop a+b+c} {a+b \atop a+b+c}
Ca+b+ca+bC_{a+b+c}^{a+b} C_{a+b+c}^{a+b}
min⁡x∈Rf(x)\min\limits^{x\in\mathcal{R}}f(x) \min\limits^{x\in\mathcal{R}}f(x)
max⁡x∈Rf(x)\max\limits_{x\in\mathcal{R}}f(x) \max\limits_{x\in\mathcal{R}}f(x)

dudt=∂u∂x∂x∂t+∂u∂y∂y∂t\dfrac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}=\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial x}\dfrac{\partial x}{\partial t} + \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial y}\dfrac{\partial y}{\partial t}

\dfrac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}
=
\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial x}\dfrac{\partial x}{\partial t}
+
\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial y}\dfrac{\partial y}{\partial t}

1.3. 希腊字母
α\alpha \alpha θ\theta \theta oo o τ\tau \tau
β\beta \beta ϑ\vartheta \vartheta π\pi \pi υ\upsilon \upsilon
γ\gamma \gamma ι\iota \iota ϖ\varpi \varpi ϕ\phi \phi
δ\delta \delta κ\kappa \kappa ρ\rho \rho φ\varphi \varphi
ϵ\epsilon \epsilon λ\lambda \lambda ϱ\varrho \varrho χ\chi \chi
ε\varepsilon \varepsilon μ\mu \mu σ\sigma \sigma ψ\psi \psi
ζ\zeta \zeta ν\nu \nu ς\varsigma \varsigma ω\omega \omega
η\eta \eta ζ\zeta \zeta
Γ\Gamma \Gamma Λ\Lambda \Lambda Σ\Sigma \Sigma Ψ\Psi \Psi
Δ\Delta \Delta Ξ\Xi \Xi Υ\Upsilon \Upsilon Ω\Omega \Omega
Θ\Theta \Theta Π\Pi \Pi Φ\Phi \Phi
ℵ\aleph \aleph ℶ\beth \beth ℸ\daleth \daleth ℷ\gimel \gimel

1.4. 数学相关
abcxyz\dfrac{abc}{xyz} \dfrac{abc}{xyz} abcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz} \frac{abc}{xyz} abc‾\overline{abc} \overline{abc}
abc\sqrt{abc} \sqrt{abc} abcn\sqrt[n]{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} abc‾\underline{abc} \underline{abc}
abc^\widehat{abc} \widehat{abc} abc~\widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc} abc→\overrightarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
abc←\overleftarrow{abc} \overleftarrow{abc} abc⏞\overbrace{abc} \overbrace{abc} abc⏟\underbrace{abc} \underbrace{abc}
ab⌢\overset{\frown} {ab} \overset{\frown}{ab} AB⏠\overgroup{AB} \overparen{ab}

注：头顶的弧盖\overparen{ab}用于LaTeX\LaTeX, \overgroup{AB}AB⏠\overgroup{AB}用于KaTeX\KaTeX

1.5. 分割符号
∣\vert \vert ⟨\langle \langle ⌊\lfloor \lfoolr ⌈\lceil \lceil
∥\Vert \Vert ⟩\rangle \rangle ⌋\rfloor \rfloor ⌉\rceil \rceil
⇑\Uparrow \Uparrow ↑\uparrow \uparrow ⇓\Downarrow \Downarrow ↓\downarrow \downarrow
⌞\llcorner \llcorner ⌟\lrcorner \lrcorner ⌜\ulcorner \ulcorner ⌝\urcorner \urcorner
// / \\backslash \backslash

1.6. 可变公式
∑\sum \sum ∏\prod \prod ∐\coprod \coprod
∫\int \int ∮\oint \ont ∬\iint \iint
⨄\biguplus \biguplus ⋂\bigcap \bigcap ⋃\bigcup \bigcup
⨁\bigoplus \bigoplus ⨂\bigotimes \bigotimes ⨀\bigodot \bigodot
⋁\bigvee \bigvee ⋀\bigwedge \bigwedge ⨆\bigsqcup \bigsqcup

1.7. 数学函数

只需要在常用数学函数前加上斜杠\即可
$\sin, \cos, \tan, \exp, \min, \max, \log, \ln, \lim, \cdots$
sin⁡,cos⁡,tan⁡,exp⁡,min⁡,max⁡,log⁡,ln⁡,lim⁡,⋯\sin, \cos, \tan, \exp, \min, \max, \log, \ln, \lim, \cdots

1.8. 运算符号
++ + −- - ×\times \times ÷\div \div
∗\ast \ast ⋆\star \star ⋅\cdot \cdot ∘\circ \circ
±\pm \pm ∓\mp \mp ⊕\oplus \oplus ⊗\otimes \otimes
⋇\divideontimes \divideontimes ⋅\centerdot \centerdot ⊙\odot \odot ⊚\circledcirc \circledcirc
∩\cap \cap ∪\cup \cup ∨\vee \vee ∧\wedge \wedge
⊥\bot \bot ⊥\perp \perp ∖\setminus \setminus \\backslash \backslash
□\Box \Box □\square \square ≀\wr \wr ⊞\boxplus \boxplus
△\triangle \triangle ▽\bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown Δ\Delta \Delta ∇\nabla \nabla
≡\equiv \equiv ≠\neq \neq ∼\sim \sim ≈\approx \approx
≜\triangleq \triangleq ∝\varpropto \varpropto ≪\ll \ll ⋘\lll \lll
≤\leq \leq ≥\geq \geq ⩽\leqslant \leqslant ⩾\geqslant \geqslant
∈\in \in ∉\notin \notin ≺\prec \prec ≻\succ \succ
⊂\subset \subset ⊆\subseteq \subseteq ⊃\supset \supset ⊇\supseteq \supseteq
⫆\supseteqq \supseteqq ⫅\subseteqq \subseteqq ⊈\nsubseteq \nsubseteq ⊈\nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq
⊊\subsetneq \subsetneq ⫋\subsetneqq \subsetneqq ⊋\supsetneq \supsetneq ⫌\supsetneqq \supsetneqq
∁\complement \complement ≅\cong \cong ≌ \text{≌} ∽ \text{∽}

相似全等符号≅∼≌∽\text{≅∼≌∽}可以直接输入，建议用\text{≅∼≌∽}

也可以组合 ∼=\begin{matrix} \sim\\[-0.8em]= \end{matrix} ，\begin{matrix} \sim\\[-0.8em]= \end{matrix}

1.9. 其它符号
∵\because \because ∴\therefore \therefore //// // ⊥\perp \perp
△\triangle \triangle □\square \square ▱\text{▱} \text{▱} =//{}_{=}^{//} {}_{=}^{//}
∞\infty \infty ∠\angle \angle ∡\measuredangle \measuredangle ∢\sphericalangle \sphericalangle
∀\forall \foall ∃\exist \exist ∅\varnothing \varnothing ∅\emptyset \emptyset
∂\partial \partial ′\prime \prime ℏ\hbar \hbar √\surd \surd
⋯\cdots \cdots ⋮\vdots \vdots …\ldots \ldots ⋱\ddots \ddots
ℑ\Im \Im ℜ\Re \Re ◊\lozenge \lozenge ℧\mho \mho
♠\spadesuit \spadesuit ♡\heartsuit \heartsuit ♣\clubsuit \clubsuit ♢\diamondsuit \diamondsuit
©\copyright \copyright Ⓢ\circledS \circledS ®\circledR \circledR £\pounds \pounds
$ \$ %\% \% #\# \# ~ \~{}
ı\imath \imath ȷ\jmath \jmath ℓ\ell \ell

注1：平行四边形符号▱并不是内置的latex符号而是特殊字符
注2：////与=//{}_{=}^{//}是组合生成，并非内置

1.10. 箭头合集
→\rightarrow \rightarrow ⟶\longrightarrow \longrightarrow ⇒\Rightarrow \Rightarrow
⟹\Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ←\leftarrow \leftarrow ⟵\longleftarrow \longleftarrow
⇐\Leftarrow \Leftarrow ⟸\Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ↗\nearrow \nearrow
↘\searrow \searrow ↙\swarrow \swarrow ↖\nwarrow \nwarrow
↦\mapsto \mapsto ⟼\longmapsto \longmapsto ⇝\rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
⇉\rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows ↔\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ⟷\longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
⇔\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow ⟺\Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⇌\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
⇆\leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows ⇋\leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons ⇄\rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
↺\circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft ↻\circlearrowright \circlearrowright ⇍\nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow
⇏\nRightarrow \nRightarrow ⇎\nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow ↭\leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow
⇢\dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow ⇠\dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow

1.11. 帽子标记
aˉ\bar{a} \bar{a} aˊ\acute{a} \acute{a} aˇ\check{a} \check{a} aˋ\grave{a} \grave{a}
a˙\dot{a} \dot{a} a^\hat{a} \hat{a} a˘\breve{a} \breve{a} a⃗\vec{a} \vec{a}
a¨\ddot{a} \ddot{a} a~\tilde{a} \tilde{a}

1.12. 数学样式

\mathcal{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathbb{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathfrak{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathsf{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathscr{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathscr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathrm{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathit{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathit{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathnormal{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathnormal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\mathbf{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\textbf{A} 文本样式粗体
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\textbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\text{A} 文本样式
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\text{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\bm{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\bm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

\boldsymbol{A}
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\boldsymbol{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

1.13. 大小颜色
123456789{\color{red}123} {\color{blue}456} {\color{green}789} {\color{red}123} {\color{blue}456} {\color{green}789}
abc\tiny{abc} \tiny{abc}
abc\scriptsize{abc} \scriptsize{abc}
abc\footnotesize{abc} \footnotesize{abc}
abc\small{abc} \small{abc}
abc\normalsize{abc} \normalsize{abc}
abc\large{abc} \large{abc}
abc\Large{abc} \Large{abc}
abc\LARGE{abc} \LARGE{abc}
abc\huge{abc} \huge{abc}
abc\Huge{abc} \Huge{abc}
[(([(\left[ \Bigg( \bigg( \Big[ \big( \right. \left[ \Bigg( \bigg( \Big[ \big( \right.
[{}}]\left[ \bigg\{ \Big\}\big\} \right] \left[ \bigg\{ \Big\}\big\} \right]

注：\left与\right成对出现，缺省可用.补充，它会自动设置大小

1.14. 多行公式

多行公式常用的两环境有cases与aligned

{x+y=1x−y=1,∫−∞+∞f(x)dx∑k=0nk\begin{cases} x+y=1\\ x-y=1 \end{cases}, \qquad % %后面是接注释，\qquaa表示空格 \begin{aligned} &\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}f(x)\mathrm{d}x\\[.8em] &\sum_{k=0}^n k \end{aligned}

\begin{cases}
x+y=1\\
x-y=1
\end{cases},
\qquad % %后面是接注释，\qquaa表示空格
\begin{aligned}
&\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}f(x)\mathrm{d}x\\[.5em]
&\sum_{k=0}^n k
\end{aligned}
% &字符号表示对齐，\\另起一行, \\[.5em]里面的.5表示行高

矩阵格式

(123456789),∣abcd∣,abcdef\left(\begin{matrix} 1&2&3\\ 4&5&6\\ 7&8&9 \end{matrix}\right) ,\qquad \left| \begin{matrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{matrix}\right| ,\qquad \begin{matrix} a&b\\ c&d \\ e&f \end{matrix}

\left(\begin{matrix}
1&2&3\\
4&5&6\\
7&8&9
\end{matrix}\right)
,\qquad
\left|
\begin{matrix}
a&b\\
c&d
\end{matrix}\right|
,\qquad
\begin{matrix}
a&b\\
c&d \\
e&f
\end{matrix}

1.15. 间距微调

间距紧凑：\!
x+yx+y x+y
x ⁣+yx\!+y x\!+y
x ⁣ ⁣+yx\!\!+y x\!\!+y

间距拉开：\, \; \quad \qquad
x+yx+y x+y
x+ yx+\,y x+\,y
x+  yx+\;y x+\;y
x+yx+\quad y x+\quad y
x+yx+\qquad y x+\qquad y

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